Maximum power reduction

ABSTRACT

A disclosure of the present specification provides a user equipment (UE). The UE comprises: a transceiver unit for transmitting or receiving a signal; and a processor for controlling the transceiver unit, wherein: the transceiver unit may include two transmitters; the UE may have a maximum output of 29 dBm; the processor may determine transmission power on the basis of a configured maximum power reduction (□PR); the □PR may be configured on the basis of edge RB allocations, outer RB allocations, and inner RB allocations; the □PR may be configured on the basis of DFT-s-OFDM and CP-OFD□; the □PR may be configured on the basis of Pi/2 BPSK, QPSK, 16 QA□, 64 QA□, and 256 QA□; and the transceiver unit may transmit a signal to a base station by using the two transmitters on the basis of the determined transmission power.

The present specification relates to mobile communications.

BACKGROUND

3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long-term evolution (LTE) is atechnology for enabling high-speed packet communications. Many schemeshave been proposed for the LTE objective including those that aim toreduce user and provider costs, improve service quality, and expand andimprove coverage and system capacity. The 3GPP LTE requires reduced costper bit, increased service availability, flexible use of a frequencyband, a simple structure, an open interface, and adequate powerconsumption of a terminal as an upper-level requirement.

Work has started in international telecommunication union (ITU) and 3GPPto develop requirements and specifications for new radio (NR) systems.3GPP has to identify and develop the technology components needed forsuccessfully standardizing the new RAT timely satisfying both the urgentmarket needs, and the more long-term requirements set forth by the ITUradio communication sector (ITU-R) international mobiletelecommunications (IMT)-2020 process. Further, the NR should be able touse any spectrum band ranging at least up to 100 GHz that may be madeavailable for wireless communications even in a more distant future.

The NR targets a single technical framework addressing all usagescenarios, requirements and deployment scenarios including enhancedmobile broadband (eMBB), massive machine-type-communications (mMTC),ultra-reliable and low latency communications (URLLC), etc. The NR shallbe inherently forward compatible.

In 5G NR, the UE may determine transmission power by applying maximumoutput power requirements (or requirements). For example, the maximumoutput power requirement may be a Maximum Power Reduction (MPR) value.

The power class refers to the maximum output for all transmissionbandwidths within the channel bandwidth of the NR carrier, and ismeasured in one subframe (1 ms) period. Power class 1.5 can be definedas 29 dBm.

Conventionally, there is a problem that there is no value for the MPRapplied to the 29 dBm high-power UE.

An MPR value applied to a 29 dBm high-power terminal should be proposed.

SUMMARY

The 29 dBm high-power terminal can transmit the uplink signal to thebase station by determining the transmission power by applying theproposed MPR value.

The present specification may have various effects.

For example, through the apparatus disclosed in this specification, the29 dBm high-power UE determines and transmits the output power based onthe MPR value, thereby producing an efficient effect.

Effects that can be obtained through specific examples of the presentspecification are not limited to the effects listed above. For example,various technical effects that a person having ordinary skill in therelated art can understand or derive from the present specification mayexist. Accordingly, the specific effects of the present specificationare not limited to those explicitly described herein, and may includevarious effects that can be understood or derived from the technicalcharacteristics of the present specification.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to whichimplementations of the present disclosure is applied.

FIG. 2 shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations ofthe present disclosure is applied.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless device to which implementations ofthe present disclosure is applied.

FIG. 4 shows an example of UE to which implementations of the presentdisclosure is applied.

FIG. 5 is a wireless communication system.

FIGS. 6 a to 6 c are exemplary diagrams illustrating an exemplaryarchitecture for a service of next-generation mobile communication.

FIG. 7 illustrates structure of a radio frame used in NR.

FIG. 8 shows an example of subframe types in NR.

FIGS. 9 a and 9 b show an example of a method of limiting thetransmission power of the UE.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a flowchart for performing anembodiment of the present specification.

FIG. 11 shows the conditions of Regarding PSCCH/PSSCH multiplexing.

FIG. 12 shows a first embodiment of a fourth example of the presentspecification.

FIG. 13 shows a second embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

FIG. 14 shows a third embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

FIG. 15 shows a fourth embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

FIG. 16 shows a fifth embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

FIG. 17 shows a sixth embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

FIG. 18 shows a seventh embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

FIG. 19 shows an eighth embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

FIG. 20 shows a ninth embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

FIG. 21 shows a tenth embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

FIG. 22 shows an eleventh embodiment of the fourth example of thepresent specification.

FIG. 23 shows a twelfth embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The following techniques, apparatuses, and systems may be applied to avariety of wireless multiple access systems. Examples of the multipleaccess systems include a code division multiple access (CDMA) system, afrequency division multiple access (FDMA) system, a time divisionmultiple access (TDMA) system, an orthogonal frequency division multipleaccess (OFDMA) system, a single carrier frequency division multipleaccess (SC-FDMA) system, and a multicarrier frequency division multipleaccess (MC-FDMA) system. CDMA may be embodied through radio technologysuch as universal terrestrial radio access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA maybe embodied through radio technology such as global system for mobilecommunications (GSM), general packet radio service (GPRS), or enhanceddata rates for GSM evolution (EDGE). OFDMA may be embodied through radiotechnology such as institute of electrical and electronics engineers(IEEE) 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, or evolved UTRA(E-UTRA). UTRA is a part of a universal mobile telecommunications system(UMTS). 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) long term evolution(LTE) is a part of evolved UMTS (E-UMTS) using E-UTRA. 3GPP LTE employsOFDMA in DL and SC-FDMA in UL. Evolution of 3GPP LTE includes LTE-A(advanced), LTE-A Pro, and/or 5G NR (new radio).

For convenience of description, implementations of the presentdisclosure are mainly described in regards to a 3GPP based wirelesscommunication system. However, the technical features of the presentdisclosure are not limited thereto. For example, although the followingdetailed description is given based on a mobile communication systemcorresponding to a 3GPP based wireless communication system, aspects ofthe present disclosure that are not limited to 3GPP based wirelesscommunication system are applicable to other mobile communicationsystems.

For terms and technologies which are not specifically described amongthe terms of and technologies employed in the present disclosure, thewireless communication standard documents published before the presentdisclosure may be referenced.

In the present disclosure, “A or B” may mean “only A”, “only B”, or“both A and B”. In other words, “A or B” in the present disclosure maybe interpreted as “A and/or B”. For example, “A, B or C” in the presentdisclosure may mean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination ofA, B and C”.

In the present disclosure, slash (/) or comma (,) may mean “and/or”. Forexample, “A/B” may mean “A and/or B”. Accordingly, “A/B” may mean “onlyA”, “only B”, or “both A and B”. For example, “A, B, C” may mean “A, Bor C”.

In the present disclosure, “at least one of A and B” may mean “only A”,“only B” or “both A and B”. In addition, the expression “at least one ofA or B” or “at least one of A and/or B” in the present disclosure may beinterpreted as same as “at least one of A and B”.

In addition, in the present disclosure, “at least one of A, B and C” maymean “only A”, “only B”, “only C”, or “any combination of A, B and C”.In addition, “at least one of A, B or C” or “at least one of A, B and/orC” may mean “at least one of A, B and C”.

Also, parentheses used in the present disclosure may mean “for example”.In detail, when it is shown as “control information (PDCCH)”, “PDCCH”may be proposed as an example of “control information”. In other words,“control information” in the present disclosure is not limited to“PDCCH”, and “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “controlinformation”. In addition, even when shown as “control information(i.e., PDCCH)”, “PDCCH” may be proposed as an example of “controlinformation”.

Technical features that are separately described in one drawing in thepresent disclosure may be implemented separately or simultaneously.

Although not limited thereto, various descriptions, functions,procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts of thepresent disclosure disclosed herein can be applied to various fieldsrequiring wireless communication and/or connection (e.g., 5G) betweendevices.

Hereinafter, the present disclosure will be described in more detailwith reference to drawings. The same reference numerals in the followingdrawings and/or descriptions may refer to the same and/or correspondinghardware blocks, software blocks, and/or functional blocks unlessotherwise indicated.

FIG. 1 shows an example of a communication system to whichimplementations of the present disclosure is applied.

The 5G usage scenarios shown in FIG. 1 are only exemplary, and thetechnical features of the present disclosure can be applied to other 5Gusage scenarios which are not shown in FIG. 1 .

Three main requirement categories for 5G include (1) a category ofenhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), (2) a category of massive machine typecommunication (mMTC), and (3) a category of ultra-reliable and lowlatency communications (URLLC).

Partial use cases may require a plurality of categories for optimizationand other use cases may focus only upon one key performance indicator(KPI). 5G supports such various use cases using a flexible and reliablemethod.

eMBB far surpasses basic mobile Internet access and covers abundantbidirectional work and media and entertainment applications in cloud andaugmented reality. Data is one of 5G core motive forces and, in a 5Gera, a dedicated voice service may not be provided for the first time.In 5G, it is expected that voice will be simply processed as anapplication program using data connection provided by a communicationsystem. Main causes for increased traffic volume are due to an increasein the size of content and an increase in the number of applicationsrequiring high data transmission rate. A streaming service (of audio andvideo), conversational video, and mobile Internet access will be morewidely used as more devices are connected to the Internet. These manyapplication programs require connectivity of an always turned-on statein order to push real-time information and alarm for users. Cloudstorage and applications are rapidly increasing in a mobilecommunication platform and may be applied to both work andentertainment. The cloud storage is a special use case which acceleratesgrowth of uplink data transmission rate. 5G is also used for remote workof cloud. When a tactile interface is used, 5G demands much lowerend-to-end latency to maintain user good experience. Entertainment, forexample, cloud gaming and video streaming, is another core element whichincreases demand for mobile broadband capability. Entertainment isessential for a smartphone and a tablet in any place including highmobility environments such as a train, a vehicle, and an airplane. Otheruse cases are augmented reality for entertainment and informationsearch. In this case, the augmented reality requires very low latencyand instantaneous data volume.

In addition, one of the most expected 5G use cases relates a functioncapable of smoothly connecting embedded sensors in all fields, i.e.,mMTC. It is expected that the number of potential Internet-of-things(IoT) devices will reach 204 hundred million up to the year of 2020. Anindustrial IoT is one of categories of performing a main role enabling asmart city, asset tracking, smart utility, agriculture, and securityinfrastructure through 5G.

URLLC includes a new service that will change industry through remotecontrol of main infrastructure and an ultra-reliable/availablelow-latency link such as a self-driving vehicle. A level of reliabilityand latency is essential to control a smart grid, automatize industry,achieve robotics, and control and adjust a drone.

5G is a means of providing streaming evaluated as a few hundred megabitsper second to gigabits per second and may complement fiber-to-the-home(FTTH) and cable-based broadband (or DOCSIS). Such fast speed is neededto deliver TV in resolution of 4K or more (6K, 8K, and more), as well asvirtual reality and augmented reality. Virtual reality (VR) andaugmented reality (AR) applications include almost immersive sportsgames. A specific application program may require a special networkconfiguration. For example, for VR games, gaming companies need toincorporate a core server into an edge network server of a networkoperator in order to minimize latency.

Automotive is expected to be a new important motivated force in 5Gtogether with many use cases for mobile communication for vehicles. Forexample, entertainment for passengers requires high simultaneouscapacity and mobile broadband with high mobility. This is because futureusers continue to expect connection of high quality regardless of theirlocations and speeds. Another use case of an automotive field is an ARdashboard. The AR dashboard causes a driver to identify an object in thedark in addition to an object seen from a front window and displays adistance from the object and a movement of the object by overlappinginformation talking to the driver. In the future, a wireless moduleenables communication between vehicles, information exchange between avehicle and supporting infrastructure, and information exchange betweena vehicle and other connected devices (e.g., devices accompanied by apedestrian). A safety system guides alternative courses of a behavior sothat a driver may drive more safely drive, thereby lowering the dangerof an accident. The next stage will be a remotely controlled orself-driven vehicle. This requires very high reliability and very fastcommunication between different self-driven vehicles and between avehicle and infrastructure. In the future, a self-driven vehicle willperform all driving activities and a driver will focus only uponabnormal traffic that the vehicle cannot identify. Technicalrequirements of a self-driven vehicle demand ultra-low latency andultra-high reliability so that traffic safety is increased to a levelthat cannot be achieved by human being.

A smart city and a smart home/building mentioned as a smart society willbe embedded in a high-density wireless sensor network. A distributednetwork of an intelligent sensor will identify conditions for costs andenergy-efficient maintenance of a city or a home. Similar configurationsmay be performed for respective households. All of temperature sensors,window and heating controllers, burglar alarms, and home appliances arewirelessly connected. Many of these sensors are typically low in datatransmission rate, power, and cost. However, real-time HD video may bedemanded by a specific type of device to perform monitoring.

Consumption and distribution of energy including heat or gas isdistributed at a higher level so that automated control of thedistribution sensor network is demanded. The smart grid collectsinformation and connects the sensors to each other using digitalinformation and communication technology so as to act according to thecollected information. Since this information may include behaviors of asupply company and a consumer, the smart grid may improve distributionof fuels such as electricity by a method having efficiency, reliability,economic feasibility, production sustainability, and automation. Thesmart grid may also be regarded as another sensor network having lowlatency.

Mission critical application (e.g., e-health) is one of 5G usescenarios. A health part contains many application programs capable ofenjoying benefit of mobile communication. A communication system maysupport remote treatment that provides clinical treatment in a farawayplace. Remote treatment may aid in reducing a barrier against distanceand improve access to medical services that cannot be continuouslyavailable in a faraway rural area. Remote treatment is also used toperform important treatment and save lives in an emergency situation.The wireless sensor network based on mobile communication may provideremote monitoring and sensors for parameters such as heart rate andblood pressure.

Wireless and mobile communication gradually becomes important in thefield of an industrial application. Wiring is high in installation andmaintenance cost. Therefore, a possibility of replacing a cable withreconstructible wireless links is an attractive opportunity in manyindustrial fields. However, in order to achieve this replacement, it isnecessary for wireless connection to be established with latency,reliability, and capacity similar to those of the cable and managementof wireless connection needs to be simplified. Low latency and a verylow error probability are new requirements when connection to 5G isneeded.

Logistics and freight tracking are important use cases for mobilecommunication that enables inventory and package tracking anywhere usinga location-based information system. The use cases of logistics andfreight typically demand low data rate but require location informationwith a wide range and reliability.

Referring to FIG. 1 , the communication system 1 includes wirelessdevices 100 a to 100 f, base stations (BSs) 200, and a network 300.Although FIG. 1 illustrates a 5G network as an example of the network ofthe communication system 1, the implementations of the presentdisclosure are not limited to the 5G system, and can be applied to thefuture communication system beyond the 5G system.

The BSs 200 and the network 300 may be implemented as wireless devicesand a specific wireless device may operate as a BS/network node withrespect to other wireless devices.

The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f represent devices performingcommunication using radio access technology (RAT) (e.g., 5G new RAT(NR)) or LTE) and may be referred to as communication/radio/5G devices.The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may include, without being limitedto, a robot 100 a, vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2, an extended reality(XR) device 100 c, a hand-held device 100 d, a home appliance 100 e, anIoT device 100 f, and an artificial intelligence (AI) device/server 400.For example, the vehicles may include a vehicle having a wirelesscommunication function, an autonomous driving vehicle, and a vehiclecapable of performing communication between vehicles. The vehicles mayinclude an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) (e.g., a drone). The XR devicemay include an AR/VR/Mixed Reality (MR) device and may be implemented inthe form of a head-mounted device (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) mountedin a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device,a home appliance device, a digital signage, a vehicle, a robot, etc. Thehand-held device may include a smartphone, a smartpad, a wearable device(e.g., a smartwatch or a smartglasses), and a computer (e.g., anotebook). The home appliance may include a TV, a refrigerator, and awashing machine. The IoT device may include a sensor and a smartmeter.

In the present disclosure, the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may becalled user equipments (UEs). A UE may include, for example, a cellularphone, a smartphone, a laptop computer, a digital broadcast terminal, apersonal digital assistant (PDA), a portable multimedia player (PMP), anavigation system, a slate personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, anultrabook, a vehicle, a vehicle having an autonomous traveling function,a connected car, an UAV, an AI module, a robot, an AR device, a VRdevice, an MR device, a hologram device, a public safety device, an MTCdevice, an IoT device, a medical device, a FinTech device (or afinancial device), a security device, a weather/environment device, adevice related to a 5G service, or a device related to a fourthindustrial revolution field.

The UAV may be, for example, an aircraft aviated by a wireless controlsignal without a human being onboard.

The VR device may include, for example, a device for implementing anobject or a background of the virtual world. The AR device may include,for example, a device implemented by connecting an object or abackground of the virtual world to an object or a background of the realworld. The MR device may include, for example, a device implemented bymerging an object or a background of the virtual world into an object ora background of the real world. The hologram device may include, forexample, a device for implementing a stereoscopic image of 360 degreesby recording and reproducing stereoscopic information, using aninterference phenomenon of light generated when two laser lights calledholography meet.

The public safety device may include, for example, an image relay deviceor an image device that is wearable on the body of a user.

The MTC device and the IoT device may be, for example, devices that donot require direct human intervention or manipulation. For example, theMTC device and the IoT device may include smartmeters, vending machines,thermometers, smartbulbs, door locks, or various sensors.

The medical device may be, for example, a device used for the purpose ofdiagnosing, treating, relieving, curing, or preventing disease. Forexample, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose ofdiagnosing, treating, relieving, or correcting injury or impairment. Forexample, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose ofinspecting, replacing, or modifying a structure or a function. Forexample, the medical device may be a device used for the purpose ofadjusting pregnancy. For example, the medical device may include adevice for treatment, a device for operation, a device for (in vitro)diagnosis, a hearing aid, or a device for procedure.

The security device may be, for example, a device installed to prevent adanger that may arise and to maintain safety. For example, the securitydevice may be a camera, a closed-circuit TV (CCTV), a recorder, or ablack box.

The FinTech device may be, for example, a device capable of providing afinancial service such as mobile payment. For example, the FinTechdevice may include a payment device or a point of sales (POS) system.

The weather/environment device may include, for example, a device formonitoring or predicting a weather/environment.

The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connected to the network 300via the BSs 200. An AI technology may be applied to the wireless devices100 a to 100 f and the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may be connectedto the AI server 400 via the network 300. The network 300 may beconfigured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR)network, and a beyond-5G network. Although the wireless devices 100 a to100 f may communicate with each other through the BSs 200/network 300,the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may perform direct communication(e.g., sidelink communication) with each other without passing throughthe BSs 200/network 300. For example, the vehicles 100 b-1 and 100 b-2may perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle(V2V)/vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). The IoT device (e.g.,a sensor) may perform direct communication with other IoT devices (e.g.,sensors) or other wireless devices 100 a to 100 f.

Wireless communication/connections 150 a, 150 b and 150 c may beestablished between the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f and/or betweenwireless device 100 a to 100 f and BS 200 and/or between BSs 200.Herein, the wireless communication/connections may be establishedthrough various RATs (e.g., 5G NR) such as uplink/downlink communication150 a, sidelink communication (or device-to-device (D2D) communication)150 b, inter-base station communication 150 c (e.g., relay, integratedaccess and backhaul (IAB)), etc. The wireless devices 100 a to 100 f andthe BSs 200/the wireless devices 100 a to 100 f may transmit/receiveradio signals to/from each other through the wirelesscommunication/connections 150 a, 150 b and 150 c. For example, thewireless communication/connections 150 a, 150 b and 150 c maytransmit/receive signals through various physical channels. To this end,at least a part of various configuration information configuringprocesses, various signal processing processes (e.g., channelencoding/decoding, modulation/demodulation, and resourcemapping/de-mapping), and resource allocating processes, fortransmitting/receiving radio signals, may be performed based on thevarious proposals of the present disclosure.

AI refers to the field of studying artificial intelligence or themethodology that can create it, and machine learning refers to the fieldof defining various problems addressed in the field of AI and the fieldof methodology to solve them. Machine learning is also defined as analgorithm that increases the performance of a task through steadyexperience on a task.

Robot means a machine that automatically processes or operates a giventask by its own ability. In particular, robots with the ability torecognize the environment and make self-determination to perform actionscan be called intelligent robots. Robots can be classified asindustrial, medical, home, military, etc., depending on the purpose orarea of use. The robot can perform a variety of physical operations,such as moving the robot joints with actuators or motors. The movablerobot also includes wheels, brakes, propellers, etc., on the drive,allowing it to drive on the ground or fly in the air.

Autonomous driving means a technology that drives on its own, andautonomous vehicles mean vehicles that drive without user's control orwith minimal user's control. For example, autonomous driving may includemaintaining lanes in motion, automatically adjusting speed such asadaptive cruise control, automatic driving along a set route, andautomatically setting a route when a destination is set. The vehiclecovers vehicles equipped with internal combustion engines, hybridvehicles equipped with internal combustion engines and electric motors,and electric vehicles equipped with electric motors, and may includetrains, motorcycles, etc., as well as cars. Autonomous vehicles can beseen as robots with autonomous driving functions.

Extended reality is collectively referred to as VR, AR, and MR. VRtechnology provides objects and backgrounds of real world only throughcomputer graphic (CG) images. AR technology provides a virtual CG imageon top of a real object image. MR technology is a CG technology thatcombines and combines virtual objects into the real world. MR technologyis similar to AR technology in that they show real and virtual objectstogether. However, there is a difference in that in AR technology,virtual objects are used as complementary forms to real objects, whilein MR technology, virtual objects and real objects are used as equalpersonalities.

NR supports multiples numerologies (and/or multiple subcarrier spacings(SCS)) to support various 5G services. For example, if SCS is 15 kHz,wide area can be supported in traditional cellular bands, and if SCS is30 kHz/60 kHz, dense-urban, lower latency, and wider carrier bandwidthcan be supported. If SCS is 60 kHz or higher, bandwidths greater than24.25 GHz can be supported to overcome phase noise.

The NR frequency band may be defined as two types of frequency range,i.e., FR1 and

FR2. The numerical value of the frequency range may be changed. Forexample, the frequency ranges of the two types (FR1 and FR2) may be asshown in Table 1 below. For ease of explanation, in the frequency rangesused in the NR system, FR1 may mean “sub 6 GHz range”, FR2 may mean“above 6 GHz range,” and may be referred to as millimeter wave (mmW).

TABLE 1 Frequency Range Corresponding Subcarrier designation frequencyrange Spacing FR1 450 MHz-  15, 30, 60 kHz 6000 MHz FR2 24250 MHz- 60,120, 240 kHz 52600 MHz

As mentioned above, the numerical value of the frequency range of the NRsystem may be changed. For example, FR1 may include a frequency band of410 MHz to 7125 MHz as shown in Table 2 below. That is, FR1 may includea frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) or more. Forexample, a frequency band of 6 GHz (or 5850, 5900, 5925 MHz, etc.) ormore included in FR1 may include an unlicensed band. Unlicensed bandsmay be used for a variety of purposes, for example for communication forvehicles (e.g., autonomous driving).

TABLE 2 Frequency Range Corresponding Subcarrier designation frequencyrange Spacing FR1 410 MHz-  15, 30, 60 kHz 7125 MHz FR2 24250 MHz- 60,120, 240 kHz 52600 MHz

Here, the radio communication technologies implemented in the wirelessdevices in the present disclosure may include narrowbandinternet-of-things (NB-IoT) technology for low-power communication aswell as LTE, NR and 6G. For example, NB-IoT technology may be an exampleof low power wide area network (LPWAN) technology, may be implemented inspecifications such as LTE Cat NB1 and/or LTE Cat NB2, and may not belimited to the above-mentioned names. Additionally and/or alternatively,the radio communication technologies implemented in the wireless devicesin the present disclosure may communicate based on LTE-M technology. Forexample, LTE-M technology may be an example of LPWAN technology and becalled by various names such as enhanced machine type communication(eMTC). For example, LTE-M technology may be implemented in at least oneof the various specifications, such as 1) LTE Cat 0, 2) LTE Cat M1, 3)LTE Cat M2, 4) LTE non-bandwidth limited (non-BL), 5) LTE-MTC, 6) LTEMachine Type Communication, and/or 7) LTE M, and may not be limited tothe above-mentioned names. Additionally and/or alternatively, the radiocommunication technologies implemented in the wireless devices in thepresent disclosure may include at least one of ZigBee, Bluetooth, and/orLPWAN which take into account low-power communication, and may not belimited to the above-mentioned names. For example, ZigBee technology maygenerate personal area networks (PANs) associated with small/low-powerdigital communication based on various specifications such as IEEE802.15.4 and may be called various names.

FIG. 2 shows an example of wireless devices to which implementations ofthe present disclosure is applied.

Referring to FIG. 2 , a first wireless device 100 and a second wirelessdevice 200 may transmit/receive radio signals to/from an external devicethrough a variety of RATs (e.g., LTE and NR).

In FIG. 2 , {the first wireless device 100 and the second wirelessdevice 200} may correspond to at least one of {the wireless device 100 ato 100 f and the BS 200}, {the wireless device 100 a to 100 f and thewireless device 100 a to 100 f} and/or {the BS 200 and the BS 200} ofFIG. 1 .

The first wireless device 100 may include at least one transceiver, suchas a transceiver 106, at least one processing chip, such as a processingchip 101, and/or one or more antennas 108.

The processing chip 101 may include at least one processor, such aprocessor 102, and at least one memory, such as a memory 104. It isexemplarily shown in FIG. 2 that the memory 104 is included in theprocessing chip 101. Additional and/or alternatively, the memory 104 maybe placed outside of the processing chip 101.

The processor 102 may control the memory 104 and/or the transceiver 106and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions,procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts describedin the present disclosure. For example, the processor 102 may processinformation within the memory 104 to generate first information/signalsand then transmit radio signals including the first information/signalsthrough the transceiver 106. The processor 102 may receive radio signalsincluding second information/signals through the transceiver 106 andthen store information obtained by processing the secondinformation/signals in the memory 104.

The memory 104 may be operably connectable to the processor 102. Thememory 104 may store various types of information and/or instructions.The memory 104 may store a software code 105 which implementsinstructions that, when executed by the processor 102, perform thedescriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example,the software code 105 may implement instructions that, when executed bythe processor 102, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures,suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thepresent disclosure. For example, the software code 105 may control theprocessor 102 to perform one or more protocols. For example, thesoftware code 105 may control the processor 102 to perform one or morelayers of the radio interface protocol.

Herein, the processor 102 and the memory 104 may be a part of acommunication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE orNR). The transceiver 106 may be connected to the processor 102 andtransmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 108.Each of the transceiver 106 may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.The transceiver 106 may be interchangeably used with radio frequency(RF) unit(s). In the present disclosure, the first wireless device 100may represent a communication modem/circuit/chip.

The second wireless device 200 may include at least one transceiver,such as a transceiver 206, at least one processing chip, such as aprocessing chip 201, and/or one or more antennas 208.

The processing chip 201 may include at least one processor, such aprocessor 202, and at least one memory, such as a memory 204. It isexemplarily shown in FIG. 2 that the memory 204 is included in theprocessing chip 201. Additional and/or alternatively, the memory 204 maybe placed outside of the processing chip 201.

The processor 202 may control the memory 204 and/or the transceiver 206and may be configured to implement the descriptions, functions,procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts describedin the present disclosure. For example, the processor 202 may processinformation within the memory 204 to generate third information/signalsand then transmit radio signals including the third information/signalsthrough the transceiver 206. The processor 202 may receive radio signalsincluding fourth information/signals through the transceiver 106 andthen store information obtained by processing the fourthinformation/signals in the memory 204.

The memory 204 may be operably connectable to the processor 202. Thememory 204 may store various types of information and/or instructions.The memory 204 may store a software code 205 which implementsinstructions that, when executed by the processor 202, perform thedescriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. For example,the software code 205 may implement instructions that, when executed bythe processor 202, perform the descriptions, functions, procedures,suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thepresent disclosure. For example, the software code 205 may control theprocessor 202 to perform one or more protocols. For example, thesoftware code 205 may control the processor 202 to perform one or morelayers of the radio interface protocol.

Herein, the processor 202 and the memory 204 may be a part of acommunication modem/circuit/chip designed to implement RAT (e.g., LTE orNR). The transceiver 206 may be connected to the processor 202 andtransmit and/or receive radio signals through one or more antennas 208.Each of the transceiver 206 may include a transmitter and/or a receiver.The transceiver 206 may be interchangeably used with RF unit. In thepresent disclosure, the second wireless device 200 may represent acommunication modem/circuit/chip.

Hereinafter, hardware elements of the wireless devices 100 and 200 willbe described more specifically. One or more protocol layers may beimplemented by, without being limited to, one or more processors 102 and202. For example, the one or more processors 102 and 202 may implementone or more layers (e.g., functional layers such as physical (PHY)layer, media access control (MAC) layer, radio link control (RLC) layer,packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, radio resource control(RRC) layer, and service data adaptation protocol (SDAP) layer). The oneor more processors 102 and 202 may generate one or more protocol dataunits (PDUs) and/or one or more service data unit (SDUs) according tothe descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The one ormore processors 102 and 202 may generate messages, control information,data, or information according to the descriptions, functions,procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosedin the present disclosure. The one or more processors 102 and 202 maygenerate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs,messages, control information, data, or information according to thedescriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure and providethe generated signals to the one or more transceivers 106 and 206. Theone or more processors 102 and 202 may receive the signals (e.g.,baseband signals) from the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 andacquire the PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, orinformation according to the descriptions, functions, procedures,suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thepresent disclosure.

The one or more processors 102 and 202 may be referred to ascontrollers, microcontrollers, microprocessors, or microcomputers. Theone or more processors 102 and 202 may be implemented by hardware,firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, one or moreapplication specific integrated circuits (ASICs), one or more digitalsignal processors (DSPs), one or more digital signal processing devices(DSPDs), one or more programmable logic devices (PLDs), or one or morefield programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) may be included in the one ormore processors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures,suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thepresent disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software and thefirmware or software may be configured to include the modules,procedures, or functions. Firmware or software configured to perform thedescriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure may beincluded in the one or more processors 102 and 202 or stored in the oneor more memories 104 and 204 so as to be driven by the one or moreprocessors 102 and 202. The descriptions, functions, procedures,suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosed in thepresent disclosure may be implemented using firmware or software in theform of code, commands, and/or a set of commands.

The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected to the one or moreprocessors 102 and 202 and store various types of data, signals,messages, information, programs, code, instructions, and/or commands.The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be configured by read-onlymemories (ROMs), random access memories (RAMs), electrically erasableprogrammable read-only memories (EPROMs), flash memories, hard drives,registers, cash memories, computer-readable storage media, and/orcombinations thereof. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may belocated at the interior and/or exterior of the one or more processors102 and 202. The one or more memories 104 and 204 may be connected tothe one or more processors 102 and 202 through various technologies suchas wired or wireless connection.

The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, controlinformation, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in thedescriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, to one ormore other devices. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receiveuser data, control information, and/or radio signals/channels, mentionedin the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, from one ormore other devices. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and206 may be connected to the one or more processors 102 and 202 andtransmit and receive radio signals. For example, the one or moreprocessors 102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or moretransceivers 106 and 206 may transmit user data, control information, orradio signals to one or more other devices. The one or more processors102 and 202 may perform control so that the one or more transceivers 106and 206 may receive user data, control information, or radio signalsfrom one or more other devices.

The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may be connected to the one ormore antennas 108 and 208 and the one or more transceivers 106 and 206may be configured to transmit and receive user data, controlinformation, and/or radio signals/channels, mentioned in thedescriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/oroperational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure, through theone or more antennas 108 and 208. In the present disclosure, the one ormore antennas 108 and 208 may be a plurality of physical antennas or aplurality of logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports).

The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may convert received user data,control information, radio signals/channels, etc., from RF band signalsinto baseband signals in order to process received user data, controlinformation, radio signals/channels, etc., using the one or moreprocessors 102 and 202. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 mayconvert the user data, control information, radio signals/channels,etc., processed using the one or more processors 102 and 202 from thebase band signals into the RF band signals. To this end, the one or moretransceivers 106 and 206 may include (analog) oscillators and/orfilters. For example, the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 canup-convert OFDM baseband signals to OFDM signals by their (analog)oscillators and/or filters under the control of the one or moreprocessors 102 and 202 and transmit the up-converted OFDM signals at thecarrier frequency. The one or more transceivers 106 and 206 may receiveOFDM signals at a carrier frequency and down-convert the OFDM signalsinto OFDM baseband signals by their (analog) oscillators and/or filtersunder the control of the one or more processors 102 and 202.

In the implementations of the present disclosure, a UE may operate as atransmitting device in uplink (UL) and as a receiving device in downlink(DL). In the implementations of the present disclosure, a BS may operateas a receiving device in UL and as a transmitting device in DL.Hereinafter, for convenience of description, it is mainly assumed thatthe first wireless device 100 acts as the UE, and the second wirelessdevice 200 acts as the BS. For example, the processor(s) 102 connectedto, mounted on or launched in the first wireless device 100 may beconfigured to perform the UE behavior according to an implementation ofthe present disclosure or control the transceiver(s) 106 to perform theUE behavior according to an implementation of the present disclosure.The processor(s) 202 connected to, mounted on or launched in the secondwireless device 200 may be configured to perform the BS behavioraccording to an implementation of the present disclosure or control thetransceiver(s) 206 to perform the BS behavior according to animplementation of the present disclosure.

In the present disclosure, a BS is also referred to as a node B (NB), aneNode B (eNB), or a gNB.

FIG. 3 shows an example of a wireless device to which implementations ofthe present disclosure is applied.

The wireless device may be implemented in various forms according to ause-case/service (refer to FIG. 1 ).

Referring to FIG. 3 , wireless devices 100 and 200 may correspond to thewireless devices 100 and 200 of FIG. 2 and may be configured by variouselements, components, units/portions, and/or modules. For example, eachof the wireless devices 100 and 200 may include a communication unit110, a control unit 120, a memory unit 130, and additional components140. The communication unit 110 may include a communication circuit 112and transceiver(s) 114. For example, the communication circuit 112 mayinclude the one or more processors 102 and 202 of FIG. 2 and/or the oneor more memories 104 and 204 of FIG. 2 . For example, the transceiver(s)114 may include the one or more transceivers 106 and 206 of FIG. 2and/or the one or more antennas 108 and 208 of FIG. 2 . The control unit120 is electrically connected to the communication unit 110, the memoryunit 130, and the additional components 140 and controls overalloperation of each of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, thecontrol unit 120 may control an electric/mechanical operation of each ofthe wireless devices 100 and 200 based onprograms/code/commands/information stored in the memory unit 130. Thecontrol unit 120 may transmit the information stored in the memory unit130 to the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via thecommunication unit 110 through a wireless/wired interface or store, inthe memory unit 130, information received through the wireless/wiredinterface from the exterior (e.g., other communication devices) via thecommunication unit 110.

The additional components 140 may be variously configured according totypes of the wireless devices 100 and 200. For example, the additionalcomponents 140 may include at least one of a power unit/battery,input/output (I/O) unit (e.g., audio I/O port, video I/O port), adriving unit, and a computing unit. The wireless devices 100 and 200 maybe implemented in the form of, without being limited to, the robot (100a of FIG. 1 ), the vehicles (100 b-1 and 100 b-2 of FIG. 1 ), the XRdevice (100 c of FIG. 1 ), the hand-held device (100 d of FIG. 1 ), thehome appliance (100 e of FIG. 1 ), the IoT device (100 f of FIG. 1 ), adigital broadcast terminal, a hologram device, a public safety device,an MTC device, a medicine device, a FinTech device (or a financedevice), a security device, a climate/environment device, the AIserver/device (400 of FIG. 1 ), the BSs (200 of FIG. 1 ), a networknode, etc. The wireless devices 100 and 200 may be used in a mobile orfixed place according to a use-example/service.

In FIG. 3 , the entirety of the various elements, components,units/portions, and/or modules in the wireless devices 100 and 200 maybe connected to each other through a wired interface or at least a partthereof may be wirelessly connected through the communication unit 110.For example, in each of the wireless devices 100 and 200, the controlunit 120 and the communication unit 110 may be connected by wire and thecontrol unit 120 and first units (e.g., 130 and 140) may be wirelesslyconnected through the communication unit 110. Each element, component,unit/portion, and/or module within the wireless devices 100 and 200 mayfurther include one or more elements. For example, the control unit 120may be configured by a set of one or more processors. As an example, thecontrol unit 120 may be configured by a set of a communication controlprocessor, an application processor (AP), an electronic control unit(ECU), a graphical processing unit, and a memory control processor. Asanother example, the memory unit 130 may be configured by a RAM, a DRAM,a ROM, a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, and/ora combination thereof.

FIG. 4 shows an example of UE to which implementations of the presentdisclosure is applied.

Referring to FIG. 4 , a UE 100 may correspond to the first wirelessdevice 100 of FIG. 2 and/or the wireless device 100 or 200 of FIG. 3 .

A UE 100 includes a processor 102, a memory 104, a transceiver 106, oneor more antennas 108, a power management module 110, a battery 112, adisplay 114, a keypad 116, a subscriber identification module (SIM) card118, a speaker 120, and a microphone 122.

The processor 102 may be configured to implement the descriptions,functions, procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operationalflowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure. The processor 102 may beconfigured to control one or more other components of the UE 100 toimplement the descriptions, functions, procedures, suggestions, methodsand/or operational flowcharts disclosed in the present disclosure.Layers of the radio interface protocol may be implemented in theprocessor 102. The processor 102 may include ASIC, other chipset, logiccircuit and/or data processing device. The processor 102 may be anapplication processor. The processor 102 may include at least one of adigital signal processor (DSP), a central processing unit (CPU), agraphics processing unit (GPU), a modem (modulator and demodulator). Anexample of the processor 102 may be found in SNAPDRAGON™ series ofprocessors made by Qualcomm®, EXYNOS™ series of processors made bySamsung®, a series of processors made by Apple®, HELIO™ series ofprocessors made by MediaTek®, ATOM™ series of processors made by Intel®or a corresponding next generation processor.

The memory 104 is operatively coupled with the processor 102 and storesa variety of information to operate the processor 102. The memory 104may include ROM, RAM, flash memory, memory card, storage medium and/orother storage device. When the embodiments are implemented in software,the techniques described herein can be implemented with modules (e.g.,procedures, functions, etc.) that perform the descriptions, functions,procedures, suggestions, methods and/or operational flowcharts disclosedin the present disclosure. The modules can be stored in the memory 104and executed by the processor 102. The memory 104 can be implementedwithin the processor 102 or external to the processor 102 in which casethose can be communicatively coupled to the processor 102 via variousmeans as is known in the art.

The transceiver 106 is operatively coupled with the processor 102, andtransmits and/or receives a radio signal. The transceiver 106 includes atransmitter and a receiver. The transceiver 106 may include basebandcircuitry to process radio frequency signals. The transceiver 106controls the one or more antennas 108 to transmit and/or receive a radiosignal.

The power management module 110 manages power for the processor 102and/or the transceiver 106. The battery 112 supplies power to the powermanagement module 110.

The display 114 outputs results processed by the processor 102. Thekeypad 116 receives inputs to be used by the processor 102. The keypad116 may be shown on the display 114.

The SIM card 118 is an integrated circuit that is intended to securelystore the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI) number and itsrelated key, which are used to identify and authenticate subscribers onmobile telephony devices (such as mobile phones and computers). It isalso possible to store contact information on many SIM cards.

The speaker 120 outputs sound-related results processed by the processor102. The microphone 122 receives sound-related inputs to be used by theprocessor 102.

I. Techniques and Procedures Applicable to the Disclosure of thisSpecification

FIG. 5 is a wireless communication system.

As can be seen with reference to FIG. 5 , a wireless communicationsystem includes at least one base station (BS). The BS is divided into agNodeB (or gNB) 20 a and an eNodeB (or eNB) 20 b. The gNB 20 a supports5G mobile communication. The eNB 20 b supports 4G mobile communication,that is, long term evolution (LTE).

Each base station 20 a and 20 b provides a communication service for aspecific geographic area (commonly referred to as a cell) (20-1, 20-2,20-3). A cell may in turn be divided into a plurality of regions(referred to as sectors).

A UE typically belongs to one cell, and the cell to which the UE belongsis called a serving cell. A base station providing a communicationservice to a serving cell is referred to as a serving base station(serving BS). Since the wireless communication system is a cellularsystem, other cells adjacent to the serving cell exist. The other celladjacent to the serving cell is referred to as a neighbor cell. A basestation that provides a communication service to a neighboring cell isreferred to as a neighbor BS. The serving cell and the neighboring cellare relatively determined based on the UE.

Hereinafter, downlink means communication from the base station (20) tothe UE (10), and uplink means communication from the UE (10) to the basestation (20). In the downlink, the transmitter may be a part of the basestation (20), and the receiver may be a part of the UE (10). In theuplink, the transmitter may be a part of the UE (10), and the receivermay be a part of the base station (20).

Meanwhile, a wireless communication system may be largely divided into afrequency division duplex (FDD) scheme and a time division duplex (TDD)scheme. According to the FDD scheme, uplink transmission and downlinktransmission are performed while occupying different frequency bands.According to the TDD scheme, uplink transmission and downlinktransmission are performed at different times while occupying the samefrequency band. The channel response of the TDD scheme is substantiallyreciprocal. This means that the downlink channel response and the uplinkchannel response are almost the same in a given frequency domain.Accordingly, in the TDD-based wireless communication system, there is anadvantage that the downlink channel response can be obtained from theuplink channel response. In the TDD scheme, since uplink transmissionand downlink transmission are time-divided in the entire frequency band,downlink transmission by the base station and uplink transmission by theUE cannot be simultaneously performed. In a TDD system in which uplinktransmission and downlink transmission are divided in subframe units,uplink transmission and downlink transmission are performed in differentsubframes.

<Operation Bands in NR>

The operating bands in NR are as follows.

The operating band of Table 3 below is an operating band converted fromthe operating band of LTE/LTE-A. This is called the FR1 band.

TABLE 3 NR Uplink Downlink operation operation bands operation bandsDuple × bands F_(UL)_low-F_(UL)_high F_(DL)_low-F_(DL)_high mode n1 1920MHz-1980 MHz 2110 MHz-2170 MHz FDD n2 1850 MHz-1910 MHz 1930 MHz-1990MHz FDD n3 1710 MHz-1785 MHz 1805 MHz-1880 MHz FDD n5 824 MHz-849 MHz869 MHz-894 MHz FDD n7 2500 MHz-2570 MHz 2620 MHz-2690 MHz FDD n8 880MHz-915 MHz 925 MHz-960 MHz FDD n20 832 MHz-862 MHz 791 MHz-821 MHz FDDn25 1850 MHz-1915 MHz 1930 MHz-1995 MHz FDD n28 703 MHz-748 MHz 758MHz-803 MHz FDD n34 2010 MHz-2025 MHz 2010 MHz-2025 MHz TDD n38 2570MHz-2620 MHz 2570 MHz-2620 MHz TDD n39 1880 MHz-1920 MHz 1880 MHz-1920MHz TDD n40 2300 MHz-2400 MHz 2300 MHz-2400 MHz TDD n41 2496 MHz-2690MHz 2496 MHz-2690 MHz TDD n50 1432 MHz-1517 MHz 1432 MHz-1517 MHz TDDn51 1427 MHz-1432 MHz 1427 MHz-1432 MHz TDD n66 1710 MHz-1780 MHz 2110MHz-2200 MHz FDD n70 1695 MHz-1710 MHz 1995 MHz-2020 MHz FDD n71 663MHz-698 MHz 617 MHz-652 MHz FDD n74 1427 MHz-1470 MHz 1475 MHz-1518 MHzFDD n75 N/A 1432 MHz-1517 MHz SDL n76 N/A 1427 MHz-1432 MHz SDL n77 3300MHz-4200 MHz 3300 MHz-4200 MHz TDD n78 3300 MHz-3800 MHz 3300 MHz-3800MHz TDD n79 4400 MHz-5000 MHz 4400 MHz-5000 MHz TDD n80 1710 MHz-1785MHz N/A SUL n81 880 MHz-915 MHz N/A SUL n82 832 MHz-862 MHz N/A SUL n83703 MHz-748 MHz N/A SUL n84 1920 MHz-1980 MHz N/A SUL n86 1710 MHz-1780MHz N/A SUL

The table below shows the NR operating bands defined on the highfrequency phase. This is called the FR2 band.

TABLE 4 NR Uplink Downlink operation operation bands operation bandsDuple × bands F_(UL)_low-F_(UL)_high F_(DL)_low-F_(DL)_high mode n25726500 MHz-29500 MHz 26500 MHz-29500 MHz TDD n258 24250 MHz-27500 MHz24250 MHz-27500 MHz TDD n259 37000 MHz-40000 MHz 37000 MHz-40000 MHz TDDn260 37000 MHz-40000 MHz 37000 MHz-40000 MHz FDD n261 27500 MHz-28350MHz 27500 MHz-28350 MHz FDD

FIGS. 6 a to 6 c are exemplary diagrams illustrating an exemplaryarchitecture for a service of next-generation mobile communication.

Referring to FIG. 6 a , the UE is connected to the LTE/LTE-A-based celland the NR-based cell in a DC (dual connectivity) manner.

The NR-based cell is connected to a core network for the existing 4Gmobile communication, that is, the NR-based cell is connected an EvolvedPacket Core (EPC).

Referring to FIG. 6 b , unlike FIG. 6 a , an LTE/LTE-A-based cell isconnected to a core network for 5G mobile communication, that is, theLTE/LTE-A-based cell is connected to a Next Generation (NG) corenetwork.

A service method based on the architecture shown in FIG. 6 a and FIG. 6b is referred to as NSA (non-standalone).

Referring to FIG. 6 c , UE is connected only to an NR-based cell. Aservice method based on this architecture is called SA (standalone).

Meanwhile, in the NR, it may be considered that reception from a basestation uses downlink subframe, and transmission to a base station usesuplink subframe. This method can be applied to paired and unpairedspectra. A pair of spectrum means that two carrier spectrums areincluded for downlink and uplink operation. For example, in a pair ofspectrums, one carrier may include a downlink band and an uplink bandthat are paired with each other.

FIG. 7 illustrates structure of a radio frame used in NR.

In NR, uplink and downlink transmission consists of frames. A radioframe has a length of 10 ms and is defined as two 5 ms half-frames(Half-Frame, HF). A half-frame is defined as 5 1 ms subframes (Subframe,SF). A subframe is divided into one or more slots, and the number ofslots in a subframe depends on SCS (Subcarrier Spacing). Each slotincludes 12 or 14 OFDM(A) symbols according to CP (cyclic prefix). WhenCP is usually used, each slot includes 14 symbols. When the extended CPis used, each slot includes 12 symbols. Here, the symbol may include anOFDM symbol (or a CP-OFDM symbol) and an SC-FDMA symbol (or a DFT-s-OFDMsymbol).

FIG. 8 shows an example of subframe types in NR.

The TTI (transmission time interval) shown in FIG. 8 may be referred toas a subframe or a slot for NR (or new RAT). The subframe (or slot) ofFIG. 8 may be used in a TDD system of NR (or new RAT) to minimize datatransmission delay. As shown in FIG. 8 , a subframe (or slot) includes14 symbols, like the current subframe. The front symbol of the subframe(or slot) may be used for the DL control channel, and the rear symbol ofthe subframe (or slot) may be used for the UL control channel. Theremaining symbols may be used for DL data transmission or UL datatransmission. According to this subframe (or slot) structure, downlinktransmission and uplink transmission may be sequentially performed inone subframe (or slot). Accordingly, downlink data may be receivedwithin a subframe (or slot), and uplink acknowledgment (ACK/NACK) may betransmitted within the subframe (or slot).

The structure of such a subframe (or slot) may be referred to as aself-contained subframe (or slot).

Specifically, the first N symbols in a slot may be used to transmit DLcontrol channel (hereinafter, DL control region), and the last M symbolsin a slot may be used to transmit UL control channel (hereinafter, ULcontrol region). N and M are each an integer greater than or equal to 0.A resource region (hereinafter, referred to as a data region) betweenthe DL control region and the UL control region may be used for DL datatransmission or UL data transmission. For example, the PDCCH may betransmitted in the DL control region and the PDSCH may be transmitted inthe DL data region. The PUCCH may be transmitted in the UL controlregion, and the PUSCH may be transmitted in the UL data region.

When the structure of such subframe (or slot) is used, the time it takesto retransmit data in which a reception error occurs is reduced, so thatthe final data transmission latency can be minimized In such aself-contained subframe (or slot) structure, a time gap, from thetransmission mode to the reception mode or from the reception mode tothe transmission mode, may be required in a transition process. To this,some OFDM symbols when switching from DL to UL in the subframe structuremay be set as a guard period (GP).

<Support of Various Numerologies>

The numerologies may be defined by a length of cycle prefix (CP) and asubcarrier spacing. One cell may provide a plurality of numerology to aUE. When an index of a numerology is represented by μ, a subcarrierspacing and a corresponding CP length may be expressed as shown in thefollowing table.

TABLE 5 M Δf = 2μ · 15 [kHz] CP 0 15 Normal 1 30 Normal 2 60 Normal,Extended 3 120 Normal 4 240 Normal

In the case of a normal CP, when an index of a numerology is expressedby μ, the number of OLDM symbols per slot N^(slot) _(symb), the numberof slots per frame N^(frame,μ) _(slot), and the number of slots persubframe N^(subframe,μ) _(slot) are expressed as shown in the followingtable.

TABLE 6 μ N_(symb) ^(slot) N_(slot) ^(frame,μ) N_(slot) ^(subframe,μ) 014 10 1 1 14 20 2 2 14 40 4 3 14 80 8 4 14 160 16 5 14 320 32

In the case of an extended CP, when an index of a numerology isrepresented by μ, the number of OLDM symbols per slot N^(slot) _(symb),the number of slots per frame N^(frame,μ) _(slot), and the number ofslots per subframe N^(subframe,μ) _(slot) are expressed as shown in thefollowing table.

TABLE 7 M N_(symb) ^(slot) N_(slot) ^(frame,μ) N_(slot) ^(subframe,μ) 212 40 4

<Maximum Output Power>

The UE power class (PC) in Table 8 defines the maximum output power forall transmission bandwidths within the channel bandwidth of the NRcarrier unless otherwise specified. The measurement period may be atleast one subframe (1 ms).

TABLE 8 NR Class 1 Tolerance Class 2 Tolerance Class 3 Tolerance band(dBm) (dB) (dBm) (dB) (dBm) (dB) n1 23 ±2 n2 23 ±2³ n3 23 ±2³ n5 23 ±2n7 23 ±2³ n8 23 ±2³ n12 23 ±2³ n14 31 +2/−3 23 ±2³ n18 23 ±2 n20 23 ±2³n25 23 ±2³ n26 23 ±2³ n28 23 +2/−2.5 n30 23 ±2 n34 23 ±2 n38 23 ±2 n3923 ±2 n40 23 ±2 n41 26  +2/−3³ 23 ±2³ n48 23 +2/−3 n50 23 ±2 n51 23 ±2n53 23 ±2 n65 23 ±2 n66 23 ±2 n70 23 ±2 n71 23 +2/−2.5 n74 23 ±2 n77 26+2/−3 23 +2/−3 n78 26 +2/−3 23 +2/−3 n79 26 +2/−3 23 +2/−3 n80 23 ±2 n8123 ±2 n82 23 ±2 n83 23 ±2/−2.5 n84 23 ±2 n86 23 ±2 n89 23 ±2 n91 23±2^(3, 4) n92 23 ±2^(3, 4) n93 23 ±2^(3, 4) n94 23 ±2^(3, 4) n95 23 ±2NOTE 1: Power class is the maximum UE power specified without takinginto account tolerances. NOTE 2: Unless otherwise specified, Power Class3 is the default Power Class. NOTE 3: The maximum output powerrequirement is relaxed by reducing the lower tolerance limit by 1.5 dBby referring to the transmission bandwidth limited within F_(UL)_low andF_(UL)_low + 4 MHz or F_(UL)_high − 4 MHz and F_(UL)_high. NOTE 4: Themaximum output power requirement is relaxed by reducing the lowertolerance limit by 0.3 dB.

If a UE supports a different power class than the default UE power classfor the band and the supported power class enables the higher maximumoutput power than that of the default power class:

-   -   if the field of UE capability maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 is        absent and the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in a        certain evaluation period is larger than 50% (The exact        evaluation period is no less than one radio frame); or    -   if the field of UE capability maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 is not        absent and the percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in a        certain evaluation period is larger than        maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 (The exact evaluation period is no        less than one radio frame); or    -   if the IE P-Max is provided and set to the maximum output power        of the default power class or lower;    -   shall apply all requirements for the default power class to the        supported power class and set the configured transmitted power.    -   else if the IE P-Max is not provided or set to the higher value        than the maximum output power of the default power class and the        percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in a certain evaluation        period is less than or equal to maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1; or    -   if the IE P-Max is not provided or set to the higher value than        the maximum output power of the default power class and the        percentage of uplink symbols transmitted in a certain evaluation        period is less than or equal to 50% when        maxUplinkDutyCycle-PC2-FR1 is absent. (The exact evaluation        period is no less than one radio frame):    -   shall apply all requirements for the supported power class and        set the configured transmitted power

<Transmission Power for UL MIMO>

UL MIMO (uplink multi input multi output) refers to transmitting anuplink signal using a plurality of antennas. A large amount of data canbe transmitted through multiple antennas.

For power class 2 UE with two transmit antenna connectors in closed-loopspatial multiplexing scheme, the maximum output power for anytransmission bandwidth within the channel bandwidth is specified inTable 9.

TABLE 9 NR Class 1 Tolerance Class 2 Tolerance Class 3 Tolerance Class 4Tolerance band (dBm) (dB) (dBm) (dB) (dBm) (dB) (dBm) (dB) n41 26 +2/-3¹ 23  +2/-3¹ n77 26 +2/-3 23 +2/-3 n78 26 +2/-3 23 +2/-3 n79 26+2/-3 23 +2/-3 NOTE 1: The transmission bandwidths confined withinF_(UL)_low and F_(UL)_low + 4 MHz or F_(UL)_high − 4 MHz andF_(UL)_high, the maximum output power requirement is relaxed by reducingthe lower tolerance limit by 1.5 dB NOTE 2: Power class 3 is the defaultpower class unless otherwise stated

The requirements are that the transmission scheme is Codebook baseduplink, DCI format is DCI format 0_1, Codebook Index is Codebook index0, and UL MIMO configuration must be satisfied. For UE supporting ULMIMO, the maximum output power is measured as the sum of the maximumoutput power at each UE antenna connector. The measurement period shouldbe at least one subframe (1 ms). DCI Format for UE configured in PUSCHtransmission mode for uplink single-user MIMO shall be used.

In the case of a UE having two transmit antenna connectors in aclosed-loop spatial multiplexing scheme, an allowed Maximum PowerReduction (MPR) for the maximum output power in Table 9 may bespecified. The requirements are that the transmission scheme is Codebookbased uplink, DCI format is DCI format 0_1, Codebook Index is Codebookindex 0, and UL MIMO configuration must be satisfied. For UE supportingUL MIMO, the maximum output power is measured as the sum of the maximumoutput power at each UE antenna connector.

<Maximum Power Reduction (MPR) and Allowed Additional MPR (A-MPR)>

FIGS. 9 a and 9 b show an example of a method of limiting thetransmission power of the UE.

Referring to FIG. 9 a , the UE 100 may perform transmission with limitedtransmission power. For example, the UE 100 may perform uplinktransmission to the base station through reduced transmission power.

When the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) value of the signaltransmitted from the UE 100 increases, in order to limit thetransmission power, the UE 100 applies a maximum output power reduction(MPR) value to the transmission power. By doing so, it is possible toreduce the linearity of the power amplifier PA inside the transceiver ofthe UE 100.

Referring to FIG. 9 b , a base station (BS) may request the UE 100 toapply A-MPR by transmitting a network signal (NS) to the UE 100. Inorder not to affect adjacent bands, etc., an operation related to A-MPRmay be performed. Unlike the MPR described above, the operation relatedto the A-MPR is an operation in which the base station additionallyperforms power reduction by transmitting the NS to the UE 100 operatingin a specific operating band. That is, when the UE to which MPR isapplied receives the NS, the UE may additionally apply A-MPR todetermine transmission power.

UE is allowed to reduce the maximum output power due to higher ordermodulations and transmit bandwidth configurations. For UE power class 2and 3, the allowed maximum power reduction (MPR) is defined in Table 10and Table 11, respectively for channel bandwidths that meets bothfollowing two criteria:

i) Channel bandwidth≤100 MHz

ii) 2*BWChannel/(F_(UL_low)+F_(UL_high))<4% for TDD bands and <3% forFDD bands. Unless otherwise stated, the ΔMPR is set to zero

If 2*BWChannel/(F_(UL_low)+F_(UL_high)) is larger than 4% for TDD bandsor 3% for FDD bands, the ΔMPR is defined in Table 12.

The allowed MPR for SRS, PUCCH formats 0, 1, 3 and 4, and PRACH shall beas specified for QPSK modulated DFT-s-OFDM of equivalent RB allocation.The allowed MPR for PUCCH format 2 shall be as specified for QPSKmodulated CP-OFDM of equivalent RB allocation.

Table 10 shows Maximum power reduction (MPR) for power class 2.

TABLE 10 MPR (dB) Edge RB Outer RB Inner RB Modulation allocationsallocations allocations DFT-s- Pi/2 ≤3.5 ≤0.5 0 OFDM BPSK QPSK ≤3.5 ≤1 016 QAM ≤3.5 ≤2 ≤1 64 QAM ≤3.5 ≤2.5 256 ≤4.5 QAM CP- QPSK ≤3.5 ≤3 ≤1.5OFDM 16 QAM ≤3.5 ≤3 ≤2 64 QAM ≤3.5 256 ≤6.5 QAM

Table 11 shows Maximum power reduction (MPR) for power class 3.

TABLE 11 MPR (dB) Edge RB Outer RB Inner RB Modulation allocationsallocations allocations DFT-s- Pi/2 BPSK ≤3.5¹ ≤1.2¹ ≤0.2¹ OFDM ≤0.5²≤0.5² 0²  QPSK ≤1 0  16 QAM ≤2 ≤1  64 QAM ≤2.5 256 QAM ≤4.5 CP-OFDM QPSK≤3 ≤1.5  16 QAM ≤3 ≤2  64 QAM ≤3.5 256 QAM ≤6.5 NOTE 1: Applicable forUE operating in TDD mode with Pi/2 BPSK modulation and UE indicatessupport for UE capability powerBoosting-pi2BPSK and if the IEpowerBoostPi2BPSK is set to 1 and 40% or less slots in radio frame areused for UL transmission for bands n40, n41, n77, n78 and n79. Thereference power of O dB MPR is 26 dBm. NOTE 2: Applicable for UEoperating in FDD mode, or in TDD mode in bands other than n40, n41, n77,n78 and n79 with Pi/2 BPSK modulation and if the IE powerBoostPi2BPSK isset to 0 and if more than 40% of slots in radio frame are used for ULtransmission for bands n40, n41, n77, n78 and n79.

Table 12 shows ΔMPR.

TABLE 12 NR Band Power class Channel bandwidth ΔMPR (dB) n28 Power class3 30 MHz 1

The following parameters are defined to specify the range of inner RBallocations, edge RB allocations, and outer RB allocations.

A signal may be transmitted by being allocated a specific number of RBs.N_(RB) is the largest integer number of RBs for a given channelbandwidth and subcarrier spacing.

That is, N_(RB) corresponds to an integer. The plurality of allocatedRBs may be numbered from 0 to the number of NRBs, respectively, in theorder of frequency.

RB_(Start,Low) corresponds to max(1, floor(L_(CRB)/k1)). Here, themas(x, y) function is a function that outputs the higher of x and y.Therefore, RB_(Start,Low) is the higher of 1 and floor(L_(CRB)/k1).Here, the floor(x) function is a function that outputs the largestinteger among integers less than or equal to x. For example, if x is2.4, floor(x) is 2, and if x is 3, floor(x) is 3.

RB_(Start,High) correspond to N_(RB)−RB_(Start,Low)−L_(CRB). Here,L_(CRB) must be less than or equal to ceil(N_(RB)/2). Here, the ceil(x)function is a function that outputs the smallest integer among integersgreater than or equal to x. For example, if x is 2.4, ceil(x) is 3, andif x is 3, ceil(x) is 3. k2 may be 2. Here, L_(CRB) refers to the lengthof consecutively allocated RBs.

Inner RB allocation refers to a range in which RB_(Start) is greaterthan or equal to RB_(Start, Low) and less than or equal toRB_(Start,High).

Edge RB allocation refers to a region in which L_(CRB) is 2 or less atboth edges of a channel.

Outer RB allocation refers to an area of allocated RBs that do notcorrespond to inner RB allocation and edge RB allocation.

If N_(RB_gap)/(N_(RB_alloc)+N_(RB_gap))≤0.25, CP-OFDM allocation isconsidered to be almost continuous allocation.

And N_(RB_alloc)+N_(RB_gap) is larger than 106, 51 or 24 RBs for 15 kHz,30 kHz or 60 kHz respectively where N_(RB_gap) is the total number ofunallocated RBs between allocated RBs and N_(RB_alloc) is the totalnumber of allocated RBs. The size and location of allocated andunallocated RBs are restricted by RBG parameters. For these almostcontiguous signals in power class 2 and 3, the allowed maximum powerreduction defined in Table 11 is increased by CEIL{10 log10(1+N_(RB_gap)/N_(RB_alloc)), 0.5} dB.

where CEIL{x,0.5} means x rounding upwards to closest 0.5 dB. Theparameters of RB_(Start,Low) and RB_(Start,High) to specify valid RBallocation ranges for Outer and Inner RB allocations are defined asfollowing.

RB _(Start,Low)=max(1,floor((N _(RB_alloc) +N _(RB_gap))/2))

RB _(Start,High) =N _(RB) −RB _(Start,Low) −N _(RB_alloc) −N _(RB_gap)

In recent years, for situations in which the distance from the basestation can be increased, a 29 dBm high-power terminal with increasedoutput power has been required. This output power can be said to bepower class 1.5. Therefore, the MPR value of the high-power terminal ofpower class 1.5 is required.

II. Disclosures of the Present Specification

The maximum output power requirements applied to the 29 dBm high-powerUE in the NR band 41 SA mode is described. The high-power UE may referto a UE capable of transmitting a signal with a transmission power of 26dBm or more. A transmission power of 26 dBm can be said to be powerclass 2, and a transmission power of 29 dBm can be said to be powerclass 1.5. For example, the maximum output power requirement may be amaximum output power reduction (MPR) value and/or an additional maximumoutput power reduction (A-MPR) value.

For reference, as an example of a wireless communication device capableof performing wireless communication hereinafter, terms such as“terminal” and “UE” may be used. For reference, the MPR value describedin the disclosure of this specification may be an example of a maximumoutput power requirement.

1. First Example of the Disclosure of the Present Specification

Conventionally, only the MPR performance requirements for the 26 dBmhigh-power UE of power class 2 were defined. A 29 dBm high-power UE withincreased output power was required for a situation in which thedistance from the base station could be increased. The 29 dBm high-powerUE can be said to be a power class 1.5 UE.

MIMO can be used in a 29 dBm high-power UE. MIMO may transmit more datausing a plurality of antennas. The MPR proposed in this specificationmay be a value in consideration of IMD generated from another antennadue to MIMO. The present specification proposes an MPR value applied toan uplink operation of a 29 dBm high-power UE of MIMO.

1-1. Assumptions for Measuring Maximum Output Power Requirements (e.g.,A-MPR/MPR Performance Requirements)

Hereinafter, assumptions for measuring the maximum output powerrequirements (eg, A-MPR/MPR performance requirements) for a 29 dBmhigh-power UE (HPUE) operating in the B41/n41 EN-DC mode will bedescribed. The assumptions described below which are the maximum outputpower requirements (e.g., A-MPR/MPR performance requirements) for a 29dBm high power UE (HPUE) operating in NR band 41 SA mode in the firstexample of the disclosure of this specification.) was used to measureand determine.

The assumptions for measuring the maximum output power requirements(e.g., A-MPR/MPR performance requirements) for a 29 dBm high-power UE(HPUE) operating in NR band 41 SA mode are as follows:

-   -   Antenna isolation of 10 dB    -   Post PA loss of 4 dB. For example, it is assumed that the loss        of the signal passing through the power amplifier is 4 dB.    -   Two 26 dBm Tx chains (NR). For example, it is assumed that two        26 dBm Tx chains are used.    -   Equal Power on both transmit chains. For example, it is assumed        that a 29 dBm high-power UE (HPUE) operating in the NR band 41        SA mode transmits a signal with the same power in the NR band.    -   Various channel and allocation BWs, with focus on “worst case”        allocations. For example, focusing on “worst case” combinations        (e.g., combinations according to nearly-equally allocated BWs),        and assuming various resource allocation combinations with a        range of aggregate BWs (BandWidths) did.    -   RB size, allocation position, waveform, and modulation should be        the same between two transmitters    -   Results for both CP-OFDM and DFT-S-OFDM are welcome, with the        priority being CP-OFDM because it is expected to be worst case    -   Determine back-off required to meet OOBE, ACLR and EVM        specifications    -   Goal is to take data from multiple sources and define A-MPR        curves for PC1.5 UL MIMO and Transmit diversity accommodating        different implementations. Since the new A-MPR curve can be        associated with the modified MPR bits, it is assumed that it can        be optional.

For a power class 1.5 UE using the DFT-s-OFDM (discrete Fouriertransform spread OFDM) uplink scheme, the error vector magnitude (EVM)measured by applying the MPR value applied in the power class 2 shown inTable 10 is shown in Table 13

TABLE 13 Increased EVM due to RIMD3 [%] Edge RB Outer RB Inner RBallocations allocations allocations Modulation (1RB@0) (270RB@0)(135RB@67) DFT-s-OFDM Pi/2 — +0.75 +0.65 BPSK [30%] QPSK — +0.65 +1.18[17.5%]  16 QAM — +0.5 +0.26 [12.5%]  64 QAM +0.37 +0.97 +0.48 [8%] 256QAM — +0.62 +0.56 [3.5%]

The UE may transmit a signal using two transceivers. When the UEtransmits a signal using two transceivers, one transceiver may beinterfered with by a signal transmitted by the other transceiver. Thiscan be referred to as RIMD3 (reverse 3rd intermodulation distortion).The values listed in Table 10 are due to one transceiver and RIMD is notconsidered. In Power Class 1.5, two transceivers can be used tocommunicate. A signal may be transmitted by being allocated a specificnumber of RBs. N_(RB) is the largest integer number of RBs for a givenchannel bandwidth and subcarrier spacing. That is, N_(RB) corresponds toan integer. The plurality of allocated RBs may be numbered from 0 to thenumber of NRBs, respectively, in the order of frequency.

A different MPR value may be applied to each section of the RB. Ingeneral, the MPR value can be determined by dividing it into threezones. N_(RB) private RBs can be divided into 3 zones (Edge RBallocations, Outer RB allocations, Inner RB allocations).

Edge RB allocations refer to RBs having an RB number greater than 0 andless than ceil(N_(RB)/2) or greater than N_(RB)−ceil(N_(RB)/2) and lessthan N_(RB). Edge RB allocations refer to RBs located near the edgeamong allocated RBs.

Inner RB allocations refer to RBs having an RB number greater thanmax(1, floor(L_(CRB)/2)) and smaller than N_(RB)−L_(CRB)−max(1,floor(L_(CRB)/2)). Here, L_(CRB) may be a maximum ceil (N_(RB)/2) as alength. Inner RB allocations refer to a central RB among allocated RBs.

Outer RB allocations refer to RBs that are not edge RB allocations andare not inner RB allocations among allocated RBs.

EVM measures the difference between the reference waveform and themeasured waveform. Before calculating the EVM, the measured waveform isadjusted by the sample timing offset and the RF frequency offset. Then,the IQ origin offset is removed before calculating the EVM.

Pi/2 BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, and 256QAM indicate that the modulationorder is 2, 4, 16, 64 and 256.

As shown in the experimental results, when the MPR applied to the powerclass 2 terminal is used for the power class 1.5 UE, some error occurs.For example, the case of outer RB allocations, 64QAM is as follows. InTable 10, the value corresponding to DFT-s-OFDM 64QAM and outer RBallocations is 2.5 dB. An error of 0.97% occurs as a result of anexperiment with a power class 1.5 UE using an MPR of 2.5 dB.

Table 14 shows EVM measured by applying the MPR values shown in Table 10to a power class 1.5 UE using a CP-OFDM (Cyclic Prefix based OrthogonalFrequency Division Multiplex) uplink scheme.

TABLE 14 Increased EVM due to RIMD3 [%] Edge RB Outer RB Inner RBallocations allocations allocations Modulation (1RB@0) (273RB@0)(137RB@68) CP-OFDM QPSK — +0.14 +1.93 [17.5%]  16 QAM — +0.5 +1.08[12.5%]  64 QAM +0.39 +0.73 +1.18 [8%] 256 QAM — +0.29 +0.59 [3.5%]

As shown in the experimental results, when the MPR applied to the powerclass 2 UE is used for the power class 1.5 UE, some error occurs. Forexample, the case of outer RB allocations, 64QAM is as follows. In Table10, the value corresponding to DFT-s-OFDM 64QAM and outer RB allocationsis 3.5 dB. An error of 0.73% occurs as a result of testing for a powerclass 1.5 UE using an MPR of 3.5 dB. In order to reduce the errors shownin Tables 13 and 14, it is necessary to apply an additional value to theMPR values in Table 10.

Table 15 shows values proposed to reduce the errors shown in Tables 13and 14.

TABLE 15 Total Relaxation Edge RB 3 dB allocations Inner RB 2 dBallocations Outer RB 3 dB allocations

A power class 1.5 UE may output up to 3 dBm more than a power class 2UE. A higher output can have a greater effect on the surroundingfrequencies. Therefore, there is a need to increase the MPR value. Avalue obtained by adding the value of Table 15 to the MPR value appliedto the power class 2 UE may be proposed as the MPR value applied to thepower class 1.5 UE.

Table 16 shows the error vector magnitude (EVM) measured by applying theadditional MPR value of Table 15 to the MPR value shown in Table 10 fora power class 1.5 UE that is MIMO using the DFT-s-OFDM uplink scheme.

TABLE 16 Increased EVM due to RIMD3 [%] Edge RB Outer RB Inner RBallocations allocations allocations Modulation (1RB@0) (270RB@0)(135RB@67) DFT-s-OFDM Pi/2 — +0.07 +0.33 BPSK [30%] QPSK — — +0.41[17.5%]  16 QAM — — — [12.5%]  64 QAM — — — [8%] 256 QAM — +0.24 +0.03[3.5%]

As shown in Table 16, when the additional MPR value of Table 15 isapplied to the MPR of Table 10 to a power class 1.5 UE, the EVM value isreduced. For example, the case of outer RB allocations, 64QAM is asfollows. In Table 10, the value corresponding to DFT-s-OFDM 64QAM andouter RB allocations is 2.5 dB. And the corresponding value in Table 16is 3 dB. Therefore, as a result of an experiment by applying an MPR of5.5 dB, which is the sum of the above two values, to a power class 1.5UE, an error of 0% occurs.

Table 17 shows EVM measured by applying the sum of the MPR values ofTable 10 and the MPR values of Table 15 to a power class 1.5 UE usingthe CP-OFDM uplink method.

TABLE 17 Increased EVM due to RIMD3 [%] Edge RB Outer RB Inner RBallocations allocations allocations Modulation (1RB@0) (273RB@0)(137RB@68) CP- QPSK — — — OFDM [17.5%] 16 QAM — +0.1 +0.09 [12.5%] 64QAM — — — [8%] 256 — +0.19 +0.08 QAM [3.5%]

As shown in the experimental results, when the additional MPR value ofTable 15 is applied to the MPR of Table 10 as the MPR to the power class1.5 UE, the EVM value is reduced. For example, the case of 16QAM inouter RB allocations is as follows. In Table 10, the value correspondingto DFT-s-OFDM 64QAM and outer RB allocations is 3 dB. And thecorresponding value in Table 15 is 3 dB. Therefore, as a result of anexperiment on a power class 1.5 UE using an MPR of 6 dB, which is thesum of the two values, an error of 0.1% occurs.

The following drawings were created to explain a specific example of thepresent specification. Since the names of specific devices described inthe drawings or the names of specific signals/messages/fields arepresented by way of example, the technical features of the presentspecification are not limited to the specific names used in thefollowing drawings.

Table 18 shows MPR values proposed for MIMO power class 1.5 terminals.

TABLE 18 MPR (dB) Edge RB Outer RB Inner RB Modulation allocationsallocations allocations DFT-s- Pi/2 ≤6.5 ≤3.5 2 OFDM BPSK QPSK ≤6.5 ≤4 216 QAM ≤6.5 ≤5 ≤3 64 QAM ≤6.5 ≤5.5 256 ≤7.5 QAM CP- QPSK ≤6.5 ≤6 ≤3.5OFDM 16 QAM ≤6.5 ≤6 ≤4 64 QAM ≤6.5 256 ≤9.5 QAM

The uplink scheme is proposed by dividing the DFT-s-OFDM and CP-OFDMschemes. In the DFT-s-OFDM method, MPR values corresponding to Pi/2BPSK, QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM, and 256QAM with modulation orders of 2, 4, 16,64, and 256 are proposed.

In the CP-OFDM method, MPR values corresponding to QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM,and 256QAM indicating the demodulation orders of 4, 16, 64, and 256 areproposed.

For example, when a power class 1.5 UE uplinks to CP-OFDM 16QAM, a powerdrop of up to 6.5 dB may be possible in Edge RB allocations, and a powerdrop of up to 6 dB in Outer RB allocations may be possible, and a powerdrop of up to 4 dB in Inner RB allocations may be possible Inner RBallocations.

The MPR values in Table 18 may also be applied to power class 4.

2. Second Example of the Disclosure of the Present Specification

Table 19 shows EVM measured by applying the MPR values shown in Table 10to the MIMO power class 2 terminal using the DFT-s-OFDM uplink scheme.

TABLE 19 Increased EVM due to RIMD3 [%] Edge RB Edge RB Edge RBallocations allocations allocations Modulation (1RB@0) (270RB@0)(135RB@67) DFT-s- Pi/2 — +0.42 +0.2 OFDM BPSK [30%] QPSK — +0.13 +0.24[17.5%] 16 — +0.61 +0.05 QAM [12.5%] 64 +0.29 +0.37 +0.21 QAM [8%] 256 —+0.07 +0.16 QAM [3.5%]

When the MPR of Table 10 is applied, there is a problem that thestandard for the existing EVM is not satisfied. This is because, whendefining the existing MPR value, only ACLR, spurious emission, andspectrum emission mask are considered among the UE specifications andEVM is not considered. As shown in the experimental results, when theMPR in Table 10 is applied, errors due to RIMD occur somewhat.

Table 20 shows EVM measured by applying the MPR values shown in Table 10to the UL-MIMO power class 2 UE using the CP-OFDM uplink scheme.

TABLE 20 Increased EVM due to RIMD3 [%] Edge RB Outer RB Inner RBallocations allocations allocations Modulation (1RB@0) (273RB@0)(137RB@68) CP- QPSK — +0.95 +0.34 OFDM [17.5%] 16 — +0.91 +0.55 QAM[12.5%] 64 +0 +0.84 +0.39 QAM [8%] 256 — +0.02 +0.37 QAM [3.5%]

As shown in the experimental results, when the MPR in Table 10 is used,some errors due to RIMD occur. Table 21 shows EVM measured by applyingadditional MPR to the MPR value of Table 10 for a power class 2 terminalusing the DFT-s-OFDM uplink method.

TABLE 21 Increased EVM due to RIMD3 [%] Edge RB Outer RB Inner RBallocations allocations allocations Modulation (1RB@0) (270RB@0)(135RB@67) DFT-s- Pi/2 — +0.1 0 OFDM BPSK [30%] QPSK — — 0 [17.5%] 16 —— 0 QAM [12.5%] 64 +0.04 +0.09 +0.22 QAM [8%] 256 — 0 +0.04 QAM [3.5%]

As shown in the experimental results, it may be seen that when anadditional MPR value is applied to the MPR in Table 10 as MPR to a powerclass 2 UE, the EVM value is measured at a satisfactory level. Table 22shows DFT-s-OFDM uplink For a power class 2 terminal using the method,an EVM measured by applying an additional MPR value to the MPR value ofTable 10 is shown.

TABLE 22 Increased EVM due to RIMD3 [%] Edge RB Outer RB Inner RBallocations allocations allocations Modulation (1RB@0) (273RB@0)(137RB@68) CP- QPSK — +0.2 0 OFDM [17.5%] 16 — 0 0 QAM [12.5%] 64 +0+0.23 0 QAM [8%] 256 — 0 0 QAM [3.5%]

As shown in the experimental results, if an additional MPR value isapplied to the MPR of Table 10 as MPR to the power class 2 UE, the EVMvalue is reduced.

3. Third Example of the Disclosure of the Present Specification

Table 23 shows EVM measured by applying the MPR values shown in Table 11to the MIMO power class 3 terminal using the DFT-s-OFDM uplink scheme.

TABLE 23 Increased EVM due to RIMD3 [%] Edge RB Outer RB Inner RBallocations allocations allocations Modulation (1RB@0) (270RB@0)(135RB@67) DFT-s- Pi/2 — +0.15 +0.31 OFDM BPSK [30%] QPSK — +0.09 +0.12[17.5%] 16 — +0.23 +0.2 QAM [12.5%] 64 +0.23 +0.19 +0.17 QAM [8%] 256 —0 +0.24 QAM [3.5%]

As shown in the experimental results, when the MPR in Table 11 is used,some errors due to RIMD occur. Table 24 shows EVM measured by applyingthe MPR values shown in Table 11 to the MIMO power class 3 UE using theCF-OFDM uplink scheme.

TABLE 24 Increased EVM due to RIMD3 [%] Edge RB Outer RB Inner RBallocations allocations allocations Modulation (1RB@0) (273RB@0)(137RB@68) CP- QPSK — +0.03 +0.3 OFDM [17.5%] 16 — +0.72 +0.54 QAM[12.5%] 64 0 0 +0.73 QAM [8%] 256 — +0.07 +0.08 QAM [3.5%]

As shown in the experimental results, when the MPR in Table 11 is used,some errors due to RIMD occur. Table 25 shows EVM measured by applyingthe additional MPR value of Table 15 to the MPR value shown in Table 11for a power class 3 UE that is MIMO using the DFT-s-OFDM uplink scheme.

TABLE 25 Increased EVM due to RIMD3 [%] Edge RB Outer RB Inner RBallocations allocations allocations Modulation (1RB@0) (270RB@0)(135RB@67) DFT-s- Pi/2 — +0.03 0 OFDM BPSK [30%] QPSK — 0 0 [17.5%] 16 —0 +0.11 QAM [12.5%] 64 0 +0.09 +0.07 QAM [8%] 256 — 0 +0.03 QAM [3.5%]

As shown in the experimental results, when the additional MPR value ofTable 15 is applied to the MPR of Table 11 as MPR to the power class 3UE, the EVM value is reduced. Table 26 shows the EVM measured byapplying the additional MPR value of Table 15 to the MPR value shown inTable 11 is shown for power class 3 UE that is MIMO using the DFT-s-OFDMuplink method.

TABLE 26 Increased EVM due to RIMD3 [%] Edge RB Outer RB Inner RBallocations allocations allocations Modulation (1RB@0) (273RB@0)(137RB@68) CP- QPSK — 0 0 OFDM [17.5%] 16 — +0.56 +0.1 QAM [12.5%] 64 00 +0.17 QAM [8%] 256 — 0 +0.1 QAM [3.5%]

As shown in the experimental results, when the additional MPR value ofTable 15 is applied to the MPR of Table 11 as the MPR to the power class3 UE, the EVM value is reduced.

FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a flowchart for performing anembodiment of the present specification.

FIG. 10 shows a procedure in which the UE performs the first example,the second example, and the third example of the present specification.

The MRP value may be pre-configured in the UE.

The MPR value may be configured differently based on edge RBallocations, outer RB allocations, inner RB allocations, DFT-s-OFDM andCP-OFDM, Pi/2 BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM and 256 QAM.

The UE may determine the transmission power of the uplink signal to betransmitted to the base station based on the MPR value.

The UE may transmit an uplink signal to the base station based on thedetermined transmission power.

4. Fourth Example of the Disclosure of the Present Specification

This specification proposes a performance requirement for a new maximumoutput power reduction (MPR) applied to the NR V2X sidelink UE. Since NRV2X supports subcarrier spacing of 15 kHz, 30 kHz, and 60 kHz, each MPRperformance analysis is required and the NR V2X sidelink UE must satisfythis. Based on the experimental results, we propose the MPR performancerequirements for the NR V2X sidelink UE as follows.

For the simulation to obtain the MPR, the assumptions shown in Tables 27and 28 are used.

TABLE 27 parameter Assumption center frequency 2.7 GHz/5.9 GHz Bandwidth10/20/30/40 MHz Maximum output power 23 dBm Numerology 15 kHz/30 kHz/60kHz Modulation QPSK/16QAM/64QAM/256QAM Waveform CP-OFDM Carrier leakage25 dBc IQ image 25 dBc CIM3 45 or 60 dBc PA calibration PA calibrated todeliver −30 dBc ACLR for a fully allocated RB in 20 MHz QPSK DFT-S- OFDMwaveform at 1 dB MPR. This is based on assumption to share PA betweenLTE V2X and NR V2X at 5.9 GHz as worst case.

TABLE 28 Items Assumption Allowed sub- Support {10, 15, 20, 25, 50, 75,channel sizes 100} PRBs for possible sub- channel size. Allowed LCRB 10,15, 20, 25, 30, 40, 45, 50, 60, 70, 75, allocation 80, 90, 100, 105,110, 120, 130, 135, 140, 150, 160, 165, 170, 175, 180, 190, 195, 200,210 Regarding shown in FIG. 11 PSCCH/PSSCH multiplexing PSCCH size10RB*3symbol PSD offset of 0 dB X dB between PSCCH and PSSCH

FIG. 11 shows the conditions of Regarding PSCCH/PSSCH multiplexing.

The horizontal axis represents the index of the symbol of the sidelinksequentially from the left as an index, and the vertical axis representsthe number of RBs.

When 10RB*3 symbols are allocated to the PSCCH, a portion may beallocated to the index 1-3 symbol position, and the PSSCH may beallocated to the remaining portion of the index 1-3 symbol formultiplexing.

Even if the total allocated RBs increases, the PSCCH may be allocatedonly up to 10 RBs, and the remaining portion may be allocated with thePSSCH and multiplexed.

DMRS may use symbols of indexes 4 and 10. Transmission and reception canbe switched using the 13th index symbol.

New MPR simulation results are provided based on the assumptions listedin Table 27 to specify new MPR requirements for NR V2X. For CIM3, avalue of 60 dBc is chosen. And all modulations (QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM and256QAM) are performed.

FIG. 12 shows a first embodiment of a fourth example of the presentspecification.

The first embodiment corresponds to a bandwidth of 10 MHz and asubcarrier spacing (SCS) of 15 kHz.

FIG. 12 (a) shows a case where the bandwidth is 10 MHz, the SCS is 15kHz, and the modulation method is QPSK/16QAM.

FIG. 12 (b) shows a bandwidth of 10 MHz, an SCS of 15 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 64QAM.

FIG. 12 (c) shows a bandwidth of 10 MHz, an SCS of 15 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 256QAM.

The horizontal axis indicates the position of startRB and the verticalaxis indicates L_(CRB).

For example, if startRB is 15 and L_(CRB) is 20, MPR is between 0 and1.5.

FIG. 13 shows a second embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

The second embodiment corresponds to a bandwidth of 10 MHz and an SCS of30 kHz.

FIG. 13 (a) shows a case where the bandwidth is 10 MHz, the SCS is 30kHz, and the modulation method is QPSK/16QAM.

FIG. 13 (b) shows a bandwidth of 10 MHz, an SCS of 30 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 64QAM.

FIG. 13 (c) shows a bandwidth of 10 MHz, an SCS of 30 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 256QAM.

FIG. 14 shows a third embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

The third embodiment has a bandwidth of 10 MHz and SCS corresponds to 60kHz.

FIG. 14 (a) shows a case where the bandwidth is 10 MHz, the SCS is 60kHz, and the modulation method is QPSK/16QAM.

FIG. 14 (b) shows a bandwidth of 10 MHz, an SCS of 60 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 64QAM.

FIG. 14 (c) shows a bandwidth of 10 MHz, an SCS of 60 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 256QAM.

FIG. 15 shows a fourth embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

The fourth embodiment corresponds to a bandwidth of 20 MHz and an SCS of15 kHz.

FIG. 15 (a) shows a case where the bandwidth is 20 MHz, the SCS is 15kHz, and the modulation method is QPSK/16QAM.

FIG. 15 (b) shows a bandwidth of 20 MHz, an SCS of 15 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 64QAM.

FIG. 15 (c) shows a bandwidth of 20 MHz, an SCS of 15 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 256QAM.

FIG. 16 shows a fifth embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

The fifth embodiment corresponds to a bandwidth of 20 MHz and an SCS of30 kHz.

FIG. 16 (a) shows a case where the bandwidth is 20 MHz, the SCS is 30kHz, and the modulation method is QPSK/16QAM.

FIG. 16 (b) shows a bandwidth of 20 MHz, an SCS of 30 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 64QAM.

FIG. 16 (c) shows a bandwidth of 20 MHz, an SCS of 30 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 256QAM.

FIG. 17 shows a sixth embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

The sixth embodiment corresponds to a bandwidth of 20 MHz and an SCS of60 kHz.

FIG. 17 (a) shows a case where the bandwidth is 20 MHz, the SCS is 60kHz, and the modulation method is QPSK/16QAM.

FIG. 17 (b) shows a bandwidth of 20 MHz, an SCS of 60 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 64QAM.

FIG. 17 (c) shows a bandwidth of 20 MHz, an SCS of 60 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 256QAM.

FIG. 18 shows a seventh embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

The seventh embodiment corresponds to a bandwidth of 30 MHz and an SCSof 15 kHz.

FIG. 18 (a) shows a case where the bandwidth is 30 MHz, the SCS is 15kHz, and the modulation method is QPSK/16QAM.

FIG. 18 (b) shows a bandwidth of 30 MHz, an SCS of 15 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 64QAM.

FIG. 18 (c) shows a bandwidth of 30 MHz, an SCS of 15 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 256QAM.

FIG. 19 shows an eighth embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

The eighth embodiment has a bandwidth of 30 MHz and SCS corresponds to30 kHz.

FIG. 19 (a) shows a case where the bandwidth is 30 MHz, the SCS is 30kHz, and the modulation method is QPSK/16QAM.

FIG. 19 (b) shows a bandwidth of 30 MHz, an SCS of 30 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 64QAM.

FIG. 19 (c) shows a bandwidth of 30 MHz, an SCS of 30 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 256QAM.

FIG. 20 shows a ninth embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

The ninth embodiment corresponds to a bandwidth of 30 MHz and an SCS of60 kHz.

FIG. 20 (a) shows a case where the bandwidth is 30 MHz, the SCS is 60kHz, and the modulation method is QPSK/16QAM.

FIG. 20 (b) shows a bandwidth of 30 MHz, an SCS of 60 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 64QAM.

FIG. 20 (c) shows a bandwidth of 30 MHz, an SCS of 60 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 256QAM.

FIG. 21 shows a tenth embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

The tenth embodiment corresponds to a bandwidth of 40 MHz and an SCS of15 kHz.

FIG. 21 (a) shows a case where the bandwidth is 40 MHz, the SCS is 15kHz, and the modulation method is QPSK/16QAM.

FIG. 21 (b) shows a bandwidth of 40 MHz, an SCS of 15 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 256QAM.

FIG. 22 shows an eleventh embodiment of the fourth example of thepresent specification.

The eleventh embodiment corresponds to a bandwidth of 40 MHz and an SCSof 30 kHz.

FIG. 22 (a) shows a case where the bandwidth is 40 MHz, the SCS is 30kHz, and the modulation method is QPSK/16QAM.

FIG. 22 (b) shows a bandwidth of 40 MHz, an SCS of 30 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 64QAM.

FIG. 22 (c) shows a bandwidth of 40 MHz, an SCS of 30 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 256QAM.

FIG. 23 shows a twelfth embodiment of the fourth example of the presentspecification.

The twelfth embodiment corresponds to a bandwidth of 40 MHz and an SCSof 60 kHz.

FIG. 23 (a) shows a case where the bandwidth is 40 MHz, the SCS is 60kHz, and the modulation method is QPSK/16QAM.

FIG. 23 (b) shows a bandwidth of 40 MHz, an SCS of 60 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 64QAM.

FIG. 23 (c) shows a bandwidth of 40 MHz, an SCS of 60 kHz, and amodulation scheme of 256QAM.

The simulation results of 64QAM show that 64QAM is limited by SEM andACLR, and the internal/external allocation of NR may be reused for 64QAMmodulation. 256QAM, on the other hand, is limited by the EVM regardlessof internal/external allocation. For internal/external assignment, thefollowing parameters [2] are considered as

If the following parameters are defined to specify valid RB allocationranges for external and internal RB allocations:

N_(RB) is the maximum number of RBs for a given channel bandwidth andsubcarrier spacing. RB_(Start,Low)=max(1, floor(L_(CRB)/2))

where max( ) represents the largest value of all arguments and floor(x)is the largest integer less than or equal to x.

RB _(Start,High) =N _(RB) −RB _(Start,Low) −L _(CRB)

RB allocation is internal RB allocation if the following conditions aremet.

RB _(Start,Low) ≤RB _(Start) ≤RB _(Start,High) and

L _(CRB)≤ceil(N _(RB)/2)

where ceil(x) is the smallest integer greater than or equal to x.

Edge RB allocation is considered an outer RB allocation range.

Observation 1: 64QAM is limited by SEM and ACLR, and theinternal/external allocation method of NR can be reused for QPSK, 16QAMand 64QAM modulation orders.

Observation 2: The 256QAM modulation order is limited by the EVM.

Proposal 1: The internal/external allocation method of NR can be reusedfor QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM modulation orders in NR V2X MPR requirements.

Proposal 2: Edge RB allocation can be considered as an external RBallocation range for NR V2X MPR requirements.

We propose a new MPR requirement for NR V2X according to the MPRsimulation results. It can be seen that an implementation margin of 1 dBis added to the MPR simulation result.

TABLE 29 Channel bandwidth/MPR (dB) Outer RB Inner RB Modulationallocations allocations CP- QPSK/16QAM ≤4.0 ± α ≤2.0 ± α OFDM  64 QAM≤4.5 ± α ≤3.5 ± α 256 QAM ≤6.0 ± α

The MPR values in Table 29 may have a ±α tolerance, where a is 0, 0.1,0.2, 0.3, . . . , 3.2. Proposal 1: The internal/external allocationmethod of NR may be reused for QPSK, 16QAM and 64QAM modulation ordersin NR V2X MPR requirements.

Proposal 2: Edge RB allocation may be considered as an external RBallocation range for NR V2X MPR requirements.

Proposal 3: It is proposed to take Table 29 as NR V2X MPR requirementsin Rel-16.

The present specification may have various effects.

For example, through the apparatus disclosed in this specification, the29 dBm high-power UE determines and transmits the output power based onthe MPR value, thereby producing an efficient effect.

The claims described herein may be combined in various ways. Forexample, the technical features of the method claims of the presentspecification may be combined and implemented as an apparatus, and thetechnical features of the apparatus claims of the present specificationmay be combined and implemented as a method. In addition, the technicalfeatures of the method claim of the present specification and thetechnical features of the apparatus claim may be combined to beimplemented as an apparatus, and the technical features of the methodclaim of the present specification and the technical features of theapparatus claim may be combined and implemented as a method. Otherimplementations are within the scope of the following claims.

1-12. (canceled)
 13. An UE (user equipment), comprising: dualtransceiver to transmit a signal and to receive a signal; and aprocessor to control the dual transceiver, wherein maximum output powerof the UE is 29 dBm; wherein the processor determines transmissionpower, based on MPR (Maximum Power Reduction), wherein the MPR isdetermined based on location of RB allocation and modulation type,wherein the dual transceiver transmit signal to base station, based onthe transmission power.
 14. The UE of claim 13, wherein the signal istransmitted through NR operating band
 30. 15. The UE of claim 13,wherein the location of RB allocation is edge RB allocations, wherein,based on the modulation type being DFT-s-OFDM and Pi/2 BPSK, MPR is 6.5dB, wherein, based on the modulation type being DFT-s-OFDM and QPSK, MPRis 6.5 dB, wherein, based on the modulation type being DFT-s-OFDM and16QAM, MPR is 6.5 dB, wherein, based on the modulation type beingDFT-s-OFDM and 64QAM, MPR is 6.5 dB, wherein, based on the modulationtype being DFT-s-OFDM and 256QAM, MPR is 7.5 dB, wherein, based on themodulation type being CP-OFDM and QPSK, MPR is 6.5 dB, wherein, based onthe modulation type being CP-OFDM and 16QAM, MPR is 6.5 dB, wherein,based on the modulation type being CP-OFDM and 64QAM, MPR is 6.5 dB,wherein, based on the modulation type being CP-OFDM and 256QAM, MPR is9.5 dB.
 16. The UE of claim 13, wherein the location of RB allocation isouter RB allocations, wherein, based on the modulation type beingDFT-s-OFDM and Pi/2 BPSK, MPR is 3.5 dB, wherein, based on themodulation type being DFT-s-OFDM and QPSK, MPR is 4.0 dB, wherein, basedon the modulation type being DFT-s-OFDM and 16QAM, MPR is 5.0 dB,wherein, based on the modulation type being DFT-s-OFDM and 64QAM, MPR is5.5 dB, wherein, based on the modulation type being DFT-s-OFDM and256QAM, MPR is 7.5 dB, wherein, based on the modulation type beingCP-OFDM and QPSK, MPR is 6.0 dB, wherein, based on the modulation typebeing CP-OFDM and 16QAM, MPR is 6.0 dB, wherein, based on the modulationtype being CP-OFDM and 64QAM, MPR is 6.5 dB, wherein, based on themodulation type being CP-OFDM and 256QAM, MPR is 9.5 dB.
 17. The UE ofclaim 13, wherein the location of RB allocation is inner RB allocations,wherein, based on the modulation type being DFT-s-OFDM and 256QAM, MPRis 7.5 dB, wherein, based on the modulation type being CP-OFDM and256QAM, MPR is 9.5 dB.
 18. A method for performing communication,performed by an UE (user equipment) including dual transceiver,comprising: determining transmission power, based on MPR (Maximum PowerReduction); transmitting signal to base station, based on thetransmission power; wherein maximum output power of the UE is 29 dBm;wherein the MPR is determined based on location of RB allocation andmodulation type.
 19. The method of claim 18, wherein the signal istransmitted through NR operating band
 30. 20. The method of claim 18,wherein the location of RB allocation is edge RB allocations, wherein,based on the modulation type being DFT-s-OFDM and Pi/2 BPSK, MPR is 6.5dB, wherein, based on the modulation type being DFT-s-OFDM and QPSK, MPRis 6.5 dB, wherein, based on the modulation type being DFT-s-OFDM and16QAM, MPR is 6.5 dB, wherein, based on the modulation type beingDFT-s-OFDM and 64QAM, MPR is 6.5 dB, wherein, based on the modulationtype being DFT-s-OFDM and 256QAM, MPR is 7.5 dB, wherein, based on themodulation type being CP-OFDM and QPSK, MPR is 6.5 dB, wherein, based onthe modulation type being CP-OFDM and 16QAM, MPR is 6.5 dB, wherein,based on the modulation type being CP-OFDM and 64QAM, MPR is 6.5 dB,wherein, based on the modulation type being CP-OFDM and 256QAM, MPR is9.5 dB.
 21. The method of claim 18, wherein the location of RBallocation is outer RB allocations, wherein, based on the modulationtype being DFT-s-OFDM and Pi/2 BPSK, MPR is 3.5 dB, wherein, based onthe modulation type being DFT-s-OFDM and QPSK, MPR is 4.0 dB, wherein,based on the modulation type being DFT-s-OFDM and 16QAM, MPR is 5.0 dB,wherein, based on the modulation type being DFT-s-OFDM and 64QAM, MPR is5.5 dB, wherein, based on the modulation type being DFT-s-OFDM and256QAM, MPR is 7.5 dB, wherein, based on the modulation type beingCP-OFDM and QPSK, MPR is 6.0 dB, wherein, based on the modulation typebeing CP-OFDM and 16QAM, MPR is 6.0 dB, wherein, based on the modulationtype being CP-OFDM and 64QAM, MPR is 6.5 dB, wherein, based on themodulation type being CP-OFDM and 256QAM, MPR is 9.5 dB.
 22. The methodof claim 18, wherein the location of RB allocation is inner RBallocations, wherein, based on the modulation type being DFT-s-OFDM and256QAM, MPR is 7.5 dB, wherein, based on the modulation type beingCP-OFDM and 256QAM, MPR is 9.5 dB.
 23. A non-volatile computer readablestorage medium having recorded instructions, wherein the instructions,based on being executed by one or more processors, cause the one or moreprocessors to: determining transmission power, based on MPR (MaximumPower Reduction); transmitting signal to base station, based on thetransmission power; wherein maximum output power of an UE (userequipment) is 29 dBm, wherein the UE includes the non-volatile computerreadable storage medium, wherein the MPR is determined based on locationof RB allocation and modulation type. wherein the MPR is determinedbased on DFT-s-OFDM and CP-OFDM, wherein the MPR is determined based onPi/2 BPSK, QPSK, 16 QAM, 64 QAM and 256 QAM.